Results of numerical modeling of the efficiency of a hybrid municipalheating system for the climatic conditions of Southern Ukraine
The current development of Ukraine’s energy sector is defined by the growing demand for thermal energy and the urgent need to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which highlights the importance of energy efficiency and the integration of renewable sources into heating systems. Particular attention is drawn to hybrid solutions that combine heat pumps with ground heat exchangers and solar collectors, enabling a balance between reliability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. The aim of this study is to substantiate the feasibility of applying a hybrid heating system for an administrative building in Odesa, where the combination of high solar radiation and specific climatic conditions creates unique opportunities for the efficient operation of such systems. The methodological framework included analytical calculations, modeling of the heat pump cycle, numerical simulation of solar thermal systems using EKO-power software, and a techno-economic assessment of design options. The evaluation confirmed the significant impact of thermal modernization measures: insulating façades and roofs, as well as replacing windows, reduced the building’s heat losses more than threefold, creating favorable conditions for stable heat pump operation. The installation of heat recovery units in the ventilation system provided annual energy savings of over 42,000 kWh, decreasing the heating load nearly fivefold. Calculations of the heat pump cycle with a ground heat exchanger demonstrated its ability to reliably cover the base heating demand with a high coefficient of performance. Modeling of solar collectors confirmed their efficiency in summer and during transitional seasons; however, the high equipment cost results in a long payback period (over 13 years), making them more suitable as auxiliary rather than primary heat sources. The techno-economic analysis revealed that the use of a ground-source heat pump ensures the shortest payback period – approximately 2.3 years–due to low operating costs and substantial natural gas savings. The findings suggest that the optimal solution is a combined system with the heat pump as the primary source and solar collectors as a supplementary element. It is concluded that the implementation of hybrid heating systems, combined with thermal modernization and ventilation heat recovery, significantly enhances energy efficiency, reduces operating costs, and contributes to environmental sustainability. The proposed strategy can be scaled to both residential and administrative sectors of Ukraine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Інформатика. Культура. Техніка
Creating a model of aerodynamic processes in a double turbine “ARSIRY” or wind power complexes
The failure of power generation facilities or transformer substations leads to system failures with long-term power outagesof a significant number of consumers. To ensure the stability of the power system, it is necessary to develop distributed electricityproduction, which will be carried out by small power plants directly near the places of its consumption. The paper shows thepossibility of using wind turbines as one of the elements in distributed electricity generation complexes. A comparative analysis ofexisting samples and their operating conditions showed the shortcomings of existing systems. Despite the high perfection andefficiency of samples with a horizontal axis, they are not suitable for use in urban areas or heavily intersected terrain. Samples with avertical axis (Savonius and Darrieus turbines) have a low power factor. To overcome existing contradictions, a fundamentally newturbine with improved geometry was developed, the design of which allows the use of wind flow energy twice. Previous studies haveshown a significant improvement in the efficiency of combined wind turbines based on the “ARSIRY” type turbine and thepossibility of their use in wind conditions of relatively low quality (low speed, increased turbulence, frequent change in flowdirection, etc.). The use of the Bernoulli equation, which represents the sum of the three components of the specific energy of theflow in the form of the “total pressure” indicator, is justified for creating a model of aerodynamic processes in a double turbine of the“ARSIRY” type. Analysis of the features of air movement in the flow part of a double turbine using the equation provides anexplanation of the principle of double use of flow energy. The key importance of reducing the resistance of individual parts of theturbine for increasing turbine power through rational use of air velocity at a given value of the energy potential of the flows is shown.
Intelligent control system for compensation devices in the electric power system of a mining and processing plant
Modern mineral processing plants are characterized by high energy intensity of technological processes and numerous electricdrives with nonlinear load characteristics. At the same time, industrial facilities are required to maintain appropriate power qualitywithin their internal supply systems. An essential task in this context is effective management of reactive power flows, which reduceselectrical energy losses, optimizes equipment operating modes, and improves the reliability of all links in the plant’s power system.Conventional compensation systems based on static settings or local algorithms often fail to perform efficiently under variableloading and fluctuating process conditions, since they typically do not account for changing load regimes and have limited adaptivecapability. This work proposes an approach to intelligent control of reactive power sources based on integration of synchronousmotors and capacitor banks into a unified, centralized intelligent control system. Daily and annual electrical energy consumption datafor the plant’s substation consumers were analyzed to inform the design. An innovative strategy for improving energy efficiency isproposed, and optimal conditions for deploying synchronous motors and capacitor banks are identified. The model relies on theintegration of modern monitoring technologies and data analysis tools, enabling adaptation to dynamic load changes and promptadjustment of compensation system parameters. The study evaluates the developed methods’ impact on system stability and on theeconomic feasibility of implementation. The approach is grounded in adaptive algorithms that consider load variability, powerquality indices and relevant technological parameters to rationalize the compensation process. A key feature of the system isregulation based on an adaptive algorithm that provides flexible control of reactive flows under rapidly changing productionconditions; this reduces unnecessary switching operations, extends equipment service life, lowers the probability of fault regimes,and increases the overall energy efficiency of the plant’s power system. The obtained results demonstrate the promise of the proposedreactive power compensation solutions for enhancing production energy efficiency. Consequently, the developed intelligent controlsystem for compensation devices can serve as a foundation for building “smart” energy subsystems at industrial enterprises, aligningwith contemporary Smart Grid and power-sector digitalization trends.
Model of a three-phase autonomous power generator using solar batteries, a supercapacitor, a step inverter and a transformer
The global deployment of renewable energy technologies is accelerating due to finite fossil fuel reserves and the imperative toreduce harmful emissions from combustion. This study concentrates on photovoltaic (PV) solar generation as a practical option forresidential power supply and examines the less-explored combination of PV arrays with supercapacitor energy storage. Acomprehensive literature review shows that electrochemical batteries have been the dominant storage solution for solar systems sincethe inception of PV technology, while supercapacitors have only recently been investigated, typically as auxiliary units supportingbatteries. Research specifically addressing the direct interaction between PV arrays and dedicated supercapacitor banks remainslimited. Most existing works employ pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters with output filters to meet power quality requirements,which motivates the evaluation of whether a simple stepped inverter with an output transformer can still deliver acceptable gridindependent power quality when paired with supercapacitors.A detailed MATLAB Simulink model of a standalone power source was developed from standard blocks to address thesequestions. The modeled system includes a PV array, a supercapacitor bank, a DC-DC boost converter, a stepped three-phase inverter,and an output voltage transformer. Time-domain simulations under varied operating conditions show that the PV array consistentlysupplies energy to both the boost converter and the supercapacitor bank. Under conditions of deep supercapacitor dischargeaccompanied by marked DC-link voltage sag, the PV array inherently limits its output current to a maximum safe level for the PVmodules, preventing damage and preserving stability. When surge power is required, the supercapacitor bank supplies high peakcurrent without disrupting normal system operation.Because output voltage amplitude is strongly load-dependent, an automatic voltage stabilization loop based on a PI controllergoverning the boost converter was implemented. Analysis of voltage and current waveforms under the stabilization schemedemonstrates power quality that meets the criteria of IEEE 519-2022. Acceptable voltage quality is maintained until thesupercapacitor state of charge falls to approximately 40 percent, corresponding to a voltage drop from roughly 30 V to roughly 10 V.
“Smart” power control for receivers up to 1000 V at underground mining enterprises
The paper considers “smart” control of power consumption by electrical receivers with a voltage of up to 1000 V in anunderground iron ore enterprise to optimize daily power costs. The relevance of the work is determined by the high level of energycosts for mining processes in underground iron ore extraction. Since the operating schedule of electrical receivers up to 1000 V is notstrictly fixed, this allows for flexible control of power consumption, taking into account hourly changes in power tariffs throughoutthe day. A heuristic approach to “smart” power consumption control based on a genetic algorithm is proposed, which is a goodalternative to classical approaches, such as mixed integer linear programming, which is limited to online use due to its offline natureand inability to handle complex constraints. The object of the study is the power consumption of electrical receivers of several blocksof an iron ore mine, including both permanently (ventilation, water drainage) and variably (drilling rigs, winches) operating duringthe load time. The objective function was formulated in such a way as to minimize the total power costs of an underground iron oreenterprise over a 24-hour period by optimizing the distribution of the connection time to the power grid for each receiver. During thestudy, three parameters of the genetic algorithm were analyzed: population size, type of crossover function, and number of elitephenotypes. The lowest energy costs (41,454.99 UAH) were achieved with a population size of 100 phenotypes, 10 elite phenotypesin each population, and the Laplace crossover function. These costs were 4.86% lower than the worst result (43,470.55 UAH), whichoccurred with a population of 200 phenotypes, 0 elite phenotypes, and a single-point crossover type. It turned out that the number ofelite phenotypes significantly improves the quality of the genetic algorithm and speeds up optimization. The transition from 0 to 20elite phenotypes reduced the number of generations required to minimize power costs from 300 to 91 (by 69.7%). It was also foundthat the minimum power costs of an underground mining enterprise do not always coincide with the lowest values of the root meansquare power, since the most important factor here is the distribution of power consumption relative to the time when peak tariffs arein effect. The most effective genetic algorithm settings ensured balanced power consumption throughout the day, avoidingconsumption during periods when tariffs are highest. The results of the study confirmed the feasibility of using a genetic algorithm tomanage power consumption and integrate similar systems when implementing smart grid technologies in industrial power systems.
System analysis in the paradigm of the structure of scientific research in the sphere of electricity supply
One of the main directions of systems research is systems analysis and systems approach. Systems theory, as a subdivision, isone of its main concepts and, along with model theory, management theory, and information theory, belongs to the methodologicalbase in scientific research. The study of laws and principles, with the help of which it is possible to effectively study the structuraltransformation of the organization of research, is relevant. In practice, a systems approach is a systems approach, a systems approach,a systems orientation of research. Systems approach requires consideration of the problem in different aspects from differentpositions. Systems approach is achieved by building a single model that can replace a real object and provide relevant informationabout the object being modeled. Systems organization of research means continuous planning and development management usingmethods and means of coordinating work. Solving complex problems from the standpoint of a systems approach is subject to acertain sequence of actions. The most important stages of this process include: problem identification; internal analysis of theproblem: external analysis of the problem; system identification: goals, constraints, trends, factors, properties; model synthesis;model behavior analysis – system operation simulation system optimization. Planning an optimization experiment, experimentalmodel identification analysis of the results of an experiment with a model. Interpretation of the results in relation to the systemsolving the problem. Solution implementation. Within the framework of the system approach, the tasks of analysis and synthesis areinterconnected, they alternate with a given regularity and characterize two sides of a single cycle of the research process. Thedescribed cycle of problem solving applies to both the quantitative and qualitative system approaches. In this case, identification andsimulation are implemented at an intuitive, heuristic level. The main disadvantage of the qualitative approach is that counterintuitivebehavior that manifests itself in complex socio-economic systems is overlooked and not analyzed. The advantage of the qualitativeapproach over the quantitative one is a significant saving of time and money for conducting research. The set of methodological toolsused to prepare and justify decisions regarding complex, scientific, and technical issues includes system analysis. System analysis isdefined as a set of methods for studying complex objects by presenting them in the form of systems and further analyzing suchsystems. The order of stages of system analysis includes: problem formulation (selection of the object of study, determination of thepurpose and criteria for its study); isolation and structuring (or decomposition) of the system under study, i.e., its division intosubsystems that are relatively clearly described; creation of a mathematical model of the system. This is the difference betweensystem analysis and the local approach, which consists in studying the structure and functional features of autonomous, separatelytaken elements of the system. The inability to fully cover all sides, connections and "mediation" allows, during the system analysis,on the one hand, to strive for maximum completeness of the description, and on the other - to carry out a reasonable simplification ofthe object. This is especially relevant and appropriate in the field of research of processes in power supply systems.
Analysis of power quality indicators in the development of a smart grid at an underground mine
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of power quality indicators in the power supply system of anunderground iron ore mine when planning the development of a smart grid. Measurements were taken using specialised equipment atpoints in the power grid with voltage levels of 6 and 0.4 kV. Key power quality indicators were analysed, such as voltage deviation,total harmonic distortion of current and voltage, and frequency deviation. It was found that in the 6 kV network, the voltage drop iswithin the maximum permissible level (+/-10 %). In the part of the power grid with a voltage level of 0.4 kV, critical voltagedeviations occur that exceed the standardised limit. The total coefficient of harmonic distortion of voltage and current, as well as thefrequency, are within normal limits here. Based on the data obtained, a systemic nature of voltage quality problems was identified inthe nodes of the underground mine's power supply system located far from the surface. This requires a detailed technical audit of thecondition of cable lines and transformers, as well as an assessment of the possibility of using specialised means of compensating forvoltage drops (e.g. dynamic voltage restorers, static compensators, etc.).Such measures are necessary to ensure stable and reliablepower supply in the context of developing a smart power grid for an underground iron ore enterprise, which is crucial for ensuringreliable power supply to underground power receivers and improving the competitiveness of mining production.
CFD-modeling of steam separation in the drum-separator of a GM-50 boiler (E-50-3.9-440GM)
The processes accompanying evaporation have a complex physical nature. They are characterized by strong nonlinearity both in the dynamics and in the relationships of the thermophysical properties of the working medium. Key parameters, such as the degree of overheating or the local rate of vaporization, are difficult to accurately measure and predict. These difficulties determine the high requirements for the accuracy of numerical modeling and the justified choice of mathematical models that are able to reproduce the main physical mechanisms of vaporization under natural circulation conditions. The paper presents the results of a study of the process of water vapor separation in the space of a computer model of the drum-separator of the GM-50 boiler unit (E-50-3.9- 440GM), which was performed using the ANSYS Student program, which is free (since 2015) and is intended for solving introductory and educational tasks in an academic environment. The boundary conditions were set to the values of the speed of the steam-water mixture coming from the screen tubes of the GM-50 boiler. The object of the study is the processes of heat exchange and hydrodynamics that occur during the evaporation of the steam-water mixture in the tubes that screen the walls of the GM-50 (E-50- 3.9-440GM) fuel boiler and during its separation in the drum-separator of this boiler. The subject of the study is the thermodynamic parameters of the steam-water mixture in the natural circulation circuit of the GM-50 (E-50-3.9-440GM) boiler. The modeling allowed us to determine the flow rate of the working fluid in the boiler tubes and the location of the “evaporation mirror” in its drumseparator, which is critical for its functioning. Since there is no experimental data on the values of the steam content, the requirements for the operation of such drums were used to assess the adequacy of the model. The verification results show that the deviation values of the CFD model calculations from the values of the average volumetric steam content determined by the analytical method are in the range from 9 to 18%. This result is caused by both the assumptions of the analytical method and the limitations of the student version of ANSYS. In any case, the modeling allowed us to analyze the dynamics of steam generation in the boiler tubes of the natural circulation circuit of the GM-50 boiler (E-50-3.9-440GM) in conditions of uneven temperature field on the side walls of the boiler and to determine the parameters of the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the boiler tubes.
Asynchronous traction electric drive for a сheap city passenger vehicle
The basic principles for the design and production of a cheap city electric car have been formulated. The technical parameters of the transmission of a cheap city electric car with an internal combustion engine have been analyzed, on the basis of which a cheap city electric car should be manufactured. The requirements for the technical parameters of a cheap city electric car have been formulated. The dependence of the resistance force of an electric car on the speed of the electric car on a horizontal road has been analyzed. The dependence of the value of the power of the mechanical energy that the drive wheels of the electric car should develop on the speed of the electric car has been calculated. The dependence of the amount of mechanical energy consumed by the drive wheels of the electric car on the speed of the electric car on a horizontal road for a distance that meets the requirements for the technical parameters of a cheap city electric car has been determined. Based on the technical parameters of the transmission of the car, the value of the maximum angular speed of rotation of the traction motor shaft at the maximum speed of the car in the highest gear of the gearbox has been determined. Based on the value of the power of mechanical energy that the drive wheels of a complete vehicle should develop when the vehicle moves along a horizontal road at maximum speed, the power of the traction motor is determined. A traction asynchronous electric motor and a frequency converter for it are selected. Based on the technical parameters of the passenger car transmission, the traction force of the drive wheels of the electric vehicle is determined, which corresponds to the nominal value of the mechanical torque of the traction motor on all gears of the gearbox. Also, based on the technical parameters of the passenger car transmission, the speed of the electric vehicle is determined, which corresponds to the nominal value of the angular velocity of the traction motor shaft on all gears of the gearbox. The maximum load moment on the traction motor shaft at the minimum speed of the vehicle in the first gear of the gearbox uphill on a road with a slope of 36% is determined. Based on the maximum load moment on the traction motor shaft, the requirements for the nominal parameters of the frequency converter are determined and a frequency converter for the traction asynchronous electric motor is selected. Based on the nominal parameters of the frequency converter, the requirements for the electrical parameters of the battery of the on-board source of electric energy of an electric vehicle have been formulated. The main technical parameters of the on-board source of electric energy of an electric vehicle have been calculated. The parameters of the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle have been synthesized. A mathematical model of the asynchronous traction electric drive of an electric vehicle has been developed. The mathematical model has been used to study the electromechanical transient processes that occur in the asynchronous traction electric drive of an electric vehicle during acceleration and braking of an electric vehicle.
Research on manipulator movement using hardware and computer models
One of the main directions of designing robotic systems is the kinematic analysis of manipulators, which allows us to proceed to the study of dynamics and synthesis of manipulator motion control based on forward and inverse kinematics problems. The work focuses on the development of hardware and computer models of the movement of various manipulator elements. For this purpose, tools used for hardware and computer modeling of manipulator movement are used. The work shows how to create manipulator models based on the Arduino hardware-software complex. The possibility of using the UnoArduSim simulator to create computer models is considered, which includes both computer control devices and information and executive devices used in robotic devices. The Processing programming language is used to graphically display the manipulator movement on a computer, which makes it possible to create animated models. A simplified hardware model of a manipulator with three segments, the movement of which is carried out using servo drives, and a mathematical model of using direct and inverse kinematics problems to determine the trajectory of movement of the working body from known values of the state parameters of individual segments, as well as to determine the state parameters of individual segments from the coordinates of the working body have been developed. The hardware model of the manipulator is created on the basis of hardware and software tools used in the Arduino hardware-software complex and the UnoArduSim simulator, which makes it possible to use software to study manipulators both on the hardware and software model. A hardware-computer model of the manipulator based on Arduino and Processing has been developed to study the movement of the manipulator in manual and automatic modes. Computer models based on direct and inverse kinematics problems have been created based on the Processing language, where the position of individual segments and the working body of the manipulator is controlled by moving the mouse, and the cursor coordinates determine the angles of rotation of individual segments for the direct kinematics problem or the coordinates of the working body for the inverse kinematics problem. These models can be used to study the movement of manipulators and their links, to create programs through training, when in manual mode the parameters of the links are determined for the established sequential positions of the working body, on the basis of which a program is created for moving the manipulator in automatic mode, as well as during distance learning
Smart drilling that meets technological requirements
In manufacturing technology, hierarchical control remains one of the most relevant topics. When applying multiple control levels, the most complex challenge is achieving interaction between the different hierarchical levels within a unified mechatronic technological system (MTS). The successful integration of equipment results in an intelligent control system. This article discusses the results of experiments to determine the axial cutting force as a function of various combinations of electric currents in the stator and armature windings of a linear mechatronic actuator. The MTS consists of a two-level control system: a CNC machine tool and a mechatronic spindle. At the upper control level, the CNC device provides the necessary axial feed of the entire mechatronic spindle, based on the requirement to maintain the operational range for automatic regulation of cutting force parameters at the lower control level. The lower control level is represented by an intelligent mechatronic mechanism designed to stabilize or programmatically change the axial force and cutting torque. This means the force parameters are adjusted according to the technological requirements for processing parts made from anisotropic materials (e.g., polymer composite materials in engineering, living bone tissue in orthopedic surgery, etc.). Consequently, the anisotropy of material properties necessitates changes in drilling kinematic parameters to ensure the programmed provision of the specified cutting force parameters. Control at the lower level is implemented via two coils of the linear actuator. These coils interact with each other (through the interaction of their magnetic fields) and alter the axial feed force of the drill. The experimental results allow for determining the operational range of force parameters for the dynamic motion of the tool according to technological requirements, ensuring the necessary processing quality while maximizing cutting tool life
Unmanned ground robotic platforms: from information support to intelligent control
One of the key directions in the development of advanced military technologies is the creation of unmanned combat systems. Ground forces, being the most “contact-intensive” and exposed to the highest casualty rates in any type of war, have the greatest need for such innovations. In practice, their technological development has lagged behind aviation, where Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have already become widespread and demonstrated high operational effectiveness in modern conflicts. In recent years, however, a new trend has emerged — the development of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), which are still in the early stages of development and operational integration. This article presents a structured classification of UGVs according to their design features (modernized Soviet-era vehicle platforms or specially developed electric chassis), functional roles (logistics, evacuation, engineering, reconnaissance), mass and size categories (light, medium, heavy), and control methods (operator-controlled or autonomous). Particular attention is given to the formation of a unified information and control space, where UGVs operate as part of a larger network-centric system alongside UAVs, communication systems, surveillance assets, and fire control units. The article also outlines the future prospects of UGV technology, including enhanced autonomy, the use of artificial intelligence, the development of robotic swarms, and full integration into modern battlefield architecture. This approach will significantly reduce risks for personnel while increasing the effectiveness, speed, and coordination of combat operations.
The phenomenon of switching overvoltage in electric drives based on highspeed switches, problem statement and review of its solution options
The article considers the problem of voltage overshoots at motor terminals in electric drives which use high-speed semiconductor devices (in particular SiC-MOSFET and GaN transistors) in its invertors. It is shown that the use of wide band gap semiconductors allows to significantly increase the frequency of pulse-width modulation, improve the dynamic properties of the inverter and reduce the size of the converter itself. At the same time, the high switching speed produces overvoltage at the motor terminals and uneven voltage distributions across stator windings due to high rate of voltage change over time ( dv dt / ), which causes accelerated aging of the insulation and can lead to premature failure of the electric machine. A review of the main approaches to reducing or preventing the manifestation of this phenomenon is carried out, including: the use of sinusoidal and RLC filters of various topologies, the main purpose of which is to match the wave parameters of the cable with its load (motor), the use of multilevel inverters, as well as specialized circuits with diodes to limit the overvoltage level. The results of the work can be used to help with the design of modern high dynamic electric drives
Development of numerical-analytical models for calculating the natural frequencies of vibrations of a shaft with a crack
The problem of vibration diagnostics of damage to power equipment during operation is extremely relevant for increasing the reliability and safety of its operation. One of the most dangerous defects that occur in shafts and rotors of steam turbines is cracks, the development of which can lead to catastrophic failures. Therefore, the development of vibration diagnostics methods capable of detecting subcritical cracks is of important practical importance. The combination of modern computing capabilities with CAE systems allows for effective analysis of the dynamic behavior of structures under various operating conditions of thermal power equipment. The paper proposes a numerical-analytical approach to assess the impact of a crack on the change in shaft stiffness. The basis for building the model is the use of the provisions of fracture mechanics and the Castigliano theorem, which allows expressing the compliance of the section through the ratio between the rate of deformation energy release and stress intensity coefficients (SIF). To study the bending, longitudinal and torsional vibrations of the shaft, taking into account the presence of a crack, CAD models of a beam of circular cross-section with edge transverse and semi-elliptical cracks were built. The geometric parameters of the defect were considered, in particular the relative depth γ = a/D and the aspect ratio a/b, which determine the nature of the crack's influence on compliance. The obtained expressions for the change in the strain energy allowed us to form analytical dependencies for determining compliance under different types of loading: bending, tension and torsion. In the case of bending vibrations, the dependence of the SIF on the moment of resistance of the section and the normalized stress distribution were used; in the case of longitudinal vibrations, the influence of a semi-elliptical crack and the variation of the parameter a/b were taken into account; in the case of torsion, the combined effect of transverse-shear and longitudinal-shear deformations was taken into account, which required approximation of the coefficients of the FII and FIII functions. Thus, the proposed approach provides the possibility of taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the structure with a crack and creates a basis for further development of methods for vibration diagnostics of steam turbine shafts. The use of the obtained numerical-analytical models will contribute to increasing the reliability of equipment condition monitoring, extending its service life and preventing emergency situations at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.
Modeling of structural and technical and economic indicators using the T*SOL software product
This paper addresses the issue of domestic hot water supply in private households in the context of rising prices for conventional energy carriers, energy insecurity, and international commitments to reducing CO₂ emissions. As an alternative solution, the study explores the use of solar thermal systems capable of partially or fully covering hot water demand under the high solar insolation conditions of Southern Ukraine. The objective of the research is to develop an optimal configuration of a solar thermal system for a private house in the Odesa region and to provide a quantitative assessment of its efficiency based on dynamic modeling in the T*SOL environment. The study presents a detailed methodology for estimating the thermal energy demand required to heat the daily water volume, taking into account the number of residents, temperature parameters, and water consumption standards. The required collector area is calculated with consideration of average daily insolation, tilt angle, equipment efficiency, and seasonal fluctuations. The approach to determining the number of collectors and evaluating the actual thermal output of the system during the summer period, when insolation reaches its peak values, is also described. Modeling results show that the annual solar radiation received by the collectors amounts to 12,899.82 kWh, of which 4,935.53 kWh is converted into useful thermal energy. The system is capable of covering more than 90% of hot water demand in summer months, significantly reducing gas and electricity consumption. However, several limitations have been identified: heat losses in the storage tank and pipelines (≈13% of annual output), limited storage capacity, dependency on weather conditions, and reduced efficiency during winter. Potential ways to improve system performance include enhanced thermal insulation, optimization of pump control strategies, expansion of collector area, transition to vacuum tube systems, and improvement of stratification within the storage tank. The advantages and drawbacks of using propylene glycol as a heat transfer fluid are considered. Additionally, the importance of economic assessment and the feasibility of implementing monitoring systems are emphasized to ensure reliability and operational efficiency. In conclusion, the study confirms the high potential of solar thermal systems for household applications in Southern Ukraine, highlights their strengths, and identifies technical optimization strategies to achieve greater energy autonomy
Research on the impact of optimization algorithms on the accuracy of Yolov11 neural networks
Visual inspection and positioning based on image detection results is a rapidly growing component of automation systems. Machine vision is increasingly used in production lines for various purposes. Improving recognition accuracy in such applications can be a difficult task, especially in conditions of possible limitations, one of which may be size and weight restrictions, which in turn limit the power of computer devices that implement image detection and recognition. A possible solution to this problem is to improve recognition accuracy by increasing the number of image variants in the dataset and fine-tuning the model's hyperparameters. This article investigates the effectiveness of hyperparameter tuning for the YOLO (You Only Look Once) image detection model, which can be further implemented in electromechanical systems for positioning moving objects in space.
Design of an automated testing stand for development and optimization precision liquid dispensing algorithms on weighing scale
The research focuses on the design and implementation of an automated testing stand intended for the development and optimization of liquid dispensing algorithms on weighing scales in industrial applications. The proposed stand is conceptualized as a modular and reconfigurable platform that integrates computer-based modelling with physical experimentation, ensuring flexibility, repeatability, and cost-effectiveness during the evaluation of dosing strategies. Unlike purely experimental prototypes, the stand provides a safe environment for iterative refinement of algorithms without the need for constant hardware modification. By interpreting the dispensing process as a discrete-event system with parallel subprocesses, the approach supports formal reasoning about state transitions, synchronization between concurrent operations, and resource arbitration. At the same time, it enables comprehensive performance assessment through simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL/SIL) experiments, covering aspects such as cycle time distribution, steady-state accuracy, robustness against noise, and response to variable liquid properties. The outcomes of this research are expected to include: A reference architecture of a laboratory – industrial test stand incorporating multiple subsystems—control, visualization, storage, pressure regulation, valves, and weighing devices – designed for compatibility with PLC and HMI environments. A methodology for selecting, tuning, and verifying dosing algorithms across coarse, fine, and dribble phases, including stability detection and parameter adaptation under realistic operational constraints. Guidelines and recommendations for integration into industrial automation practice, addressing traceability from verified models (Petri nets, DEVS, FSM) to IEC 61131-3 PLC code and SCADA visualization. The proposed stand thus acts not only as a research and validation tool but also as a bridge between academic modelling methods and real-world industrial deployment. It has the potential to enhance accuracy and efficiency in sectors where dosing precision is critical, such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical manufacturing, and energy technologies, while simultaneously serving as a training platform for future automation engineers.
CFD modeling of pollutant generation during the combustion of pellets, common on the Ukrainian market, in a SET-AP 25 boiler
The presented work is devoted to the analysis of energy and environmental characteristics of fuel pellets available on the Ukrainian market when they are burned in a domestic hot water boiler of the SET type with a capacity of 25 kW. Boilers of this series are intended for heat supply of residential buildings, municipal and industrial facilities equipped with heating systems with natural or forced circulation of water as a coolant. Sketch drawings and part of the thermal hydraulic characteristics of SET boilers are in the public domain. Modeling of solid biofuel combustion processes was carried out using the finite element approach in the ANSYS Student software package. This software product, which has been available for academic use free of charge since 2015, is widely used to solve introductory and educational tasks in technical higher educational institutions. In order to confirm the reliability of the model, verification of CFD modeling results was carried out based on the passport data of the boiler prototype "SET-25" for the case of burning pellets from hardwood. The results showed that the discrepancy between the passport characteristics and the results of numerical modeling does not exceed 2%. This indicates the correctness of the constructed model and allows it to be used to simulate the combustion of other types of biofuels: pellets from coniferous wood, rapeseed, bird droppings, straw, as well as bottom sludge. The data obtained allowed us to evaluate the thermal and environmental characteristics of the boiler when using the specified types of pellets. These results can be useful both for designing new designs of water-heating boilers and for improving existing models through calibration calculations. During the study, emission levels of harmful substances, in particular nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), were established during the combustion of different types of pellets. The highest level of NOₓ emission (up to 550 ppm) was observed when using pellets from bottom sludge, while the lowest (about 180 ppm) was observed when burning pellets from hardwood. It was shown that regardless of the type of biofuel used, the boiler is able to provide the necessary operating parameters. However, for pellets with a lower calorific value, an increase in the daily fuel consumption is required compared to the basic option - hardwood pellets
Internet addiction as a factor in the formation of addictive behaviour in youth subculture
The study of the phenomenon of internet addiction represents an important direction in contemporary psychological research. Social networks offer the opportunity to create personal profiles and communicate with other users, often strangers in real life, thereby enhancing one’s social status. Alongside the use of the Internet for obtaining useful information, a fascination with it arises that takes on the characteristics of addictive behavior. Is internet addiction, in all its various manifestations, a pathological obsession—an addictive behavior, a means of adaptation for a maladaptive (abnormal) personality, a distinct nosological unit (disease) with its own clinical symptoms and course, or a syndrome of another illness? Today, the debate around internet addiction continues, sparked by renowned American clinical psychologist Kimberly Young. She proposed viewing this phenomenon as an impulse control disorder that does not involve intoxication, and suggested measuring it by the number of hours a person spends online. According to critics, specialists rarely manage to filter out (or otherwise account for) individuals who use the Internet continuously for work or study purposes. As a result, research findings in this area are inevitably skewed toward overestimating time spent online. On the other hand, numerous studies on internet addiction reveal its multifaceted nature and help to understand the complexity of approaches to grasping its essence and the need for overcoming it. Defining internet addiction as a type of technological addiction allows it to be considered a behavioral addiction. The development of internet addiction occurs through a complex interaction of psychological, social, and neurobiological mechanisms, which makes overcoming it difficult. Prolonged excessive use of the Internet correlates with a wide range of mental health issues. Individuals with internet addiction exhibit emotional disturbances such as depressive and anxiety disorders, elevated levels of neuroticism, emotional instability, and irritability. Of particular interest is the bidirectional relationship between depression and internet addiction: depressive states increase the risk of developing addictive behavior online, while excessive internet use, in turn, exacerbates depressive symptoms. The significant rise in dependent behavior among the younger generation of internet users makes it urgent to explore its substantive nature and mechanisms for overcoming it. One effective mechanism for reducing internet addiction is emotional regulation.
Factors of trust in digital information among applicants for higher education institutions in the educational space
The article presents the results of a study of factors of trust in digital information among applicants for higher education institutions in the context of a modern information society. The growth of digital content, the spread of artificial intelligence and social networks exacerbate the problem of information security, create new challenges for critical thinking and require a rethinking of educational approaches The conditions of data overload, rapid content distribution and high dynamics of the digital environment form new habits of digital information consumption, where the problem of distinguishing between reliable and manipulative messages comes to the fore. It was established that the leading markers of reliability for young students are technical and formal factors: the presence of sources/references, the authority of the author and access to official resources. These are the signs that respondents consider the most convincing evidence of the truthfulness of information. At the same time, a significant role of emotional and social factors was revealed: the emotional coloring of messages and popularity indicators (number of views, likes, reposts) often affect the assessment of reliability even in the absence of verified sources. This indicates the ambivalence of information behavior of applicants: a combination of a high level of theoretical media literacy with a practical tendency to simplified decision-making mechanisms. Analysis by form of study showed that full-time applicants are more often oriented towards rational verification criteria and pay more attention to technical aspects (domain, presence of HTTPS, links to official resources). In contrast, part-time applicants are more inclined to trust emotional and social signals. Among both groups, the key barriers to systematic fact-checking are lack of time, information overload, and cognitive fatigue, rather than lack of knowledge or skills. The results allow us to form a generalized portrait of the modern young consumer of digital information: a «knowledgeable but tired» user who understands the principles of critical thinking well, but does not always apply them in everyday practice. This emphasizes the importance of integrating educational strategies and digital tools that would not only increase media literacy, but also help overcome the influence of emotional and social factors in the process of evaluating information. The results of further research can contribute to the development of integral programs for the formation of critical thinking, focused on the real practices of applicants of higher education institutions, which will increase their resistance to information manipulation in the digital environment.
The role of digital technologies in the socio-cultural adaptation of refugees
The article examines the role of digital technologies in the cultural adaptation of refugees in new socio-cultural environments. It emphasizes that modern digital tools—online courses, educational platforms, social networks, mobile applications, and interactive web resources—offer extensive opportunities for learning the language of the host country, familiarizing with cultural norms, traditions, and legal aspects of life in a new society. Special attention is paid to the role of digital technologies in supporting emotional well-being and reducing social isolation among refugees through the creation of virtual communities, mutual aid networks, and platforms for psychological support. The use of digital resources enables refugees to acquire new professional skills, participate in distance learning, expand social contacts, and develop a sense of belonging to the host community. They serve as a crucial tool for overcoming culture shock and stress, facilitating faster adaptation to new conditions, and promoting intercultural tolerance and understanding. Moreover, digital technologies provide access to up-to-date information on rights, social services, and employment opportunities, which is an important factor in the socio-economic integration of refugees. At the same time, the article analyzes key challenges associated with using digital technologies in the integration process. These include limited access to technical equipment and stable internet connections, low digital literacy, language barriers, information overload, and cultural irrelevance of available content. It is emphasized that without proper adaptation and support, digital resources may not only fail to facilitate integration but could also complicate it, creating risks of misinformation, social alienation, or misperception of the host society. The necessity of cross-sectoral cooperation among governmental institutions, educational establishments, NGOs, and technology companies is highlighted to develop culturally sensitive digital solutions. Such solutions should consider refugees’ linguistic, educational, social, and psychological needs, be adapted to varying levels of digital literacy, and combine online tools with offline support from local educational and community institutions. The conclusion is that the comprehensive use of digital technologies, combined with individual guidance, mentorship, and active participation of refugees in educational and cultural programs, can significantly accelerate their socio-cultural integration, enhance their self-realization and social mobility, and contribute to the formation of a cohesive, tolerant, and inclusive society
Culture and creativity in the digital age: From the dictatorship of form to the plasticity of human-dimentionality
This study examines the fundamental transformations of culture and creativity under the influence of modern information and communication systems, particularly generative artificial intelligence (AI). The paradox of the modern digital age is analyzed: the boundless generation of "forms" (content) leads to the inflation of "content" (meaning), which poses a threat to authentic human creativity and subjectivity. Information systems are viewed as a "digital mirror" that not only reflects but also actively shapes sociocultural practices, increasing the risks of cultural homogenization and manipulative influence. The danger of the erosion of critical thinking and the emergence of new forms of addiction that threaten the existential health of the individual is explored. The methodological basis proposed is a philosophy of human-dimensionality, drawing on the conceptual potential of the Ukrainian post-non-classical tradition (V. Stepin, I. Dobronravova, I. Ershova-Babenko, Yu. Melkov, L. Bogataya, and others) and meta-anthropology (N.Khamitov). It demands not only the proportionality of technology to the individual, their dignity, and potential for development, but also the creation of a digital environment that will enhance humanity in humans. The central concept of the study is the personality thesaurus – a unique, dynamic system of meanings, values, and metaphors through which a person perceives and creates their reality. Two types of thesauri are contrasted: a unique, existentially lived personality thesaurus and the average, statistical algorithmic thesaurus. The ontological and epistemological status of these two phenomena and their influence on creative processes are analyzed in depth. The main thesis of the work is the assertion that the key creative and simultaneously educational practice in the new era is the plasticity of human dimensions – the conscious, creative self-education of the individual through purposeful development of one's own thesaurus. Specific practices for enriching it are analyzed: deep reading, authentic dialogue, and the art of asking real questions. It is concluded that this individual creative work is the path to preserving freedom, subjectivity, and existential health in the context of the total informatization of culture. The article substantiates the need to shift from individual creative practices to a holistic social strategy aimed at cultivating human-dimensionality in education, culture, and the ethics of the digital space
Sociocultural communication as a form of spiritual interaction between people
The study of the phenomenon of socio-cultural communication as a specific type of socio-communicative activity through art represents an important direction of modern cultural research. Attention is drawn to the importance of the formation of spiritual guidelines and cultural heritage, without which a person risks losing his human face, turning into a political zombie, which is guided only by basic instincts, the desire for power and the desire for material gain. It is emphasized that the need to be able to feel and build relationships with other people is formed through art, the functional side of communication in the process of cultural conditioning of the spiritual and moral personality is indicated. Socio-cultural communication is considered as a form of communication through artistic culture and art, which allows a person to express the deep aspects of his personality with the help of artistic images, which are usually hidden in everyday or business communication. The structures, forms and mechanisms of transmitting the cultural code and artistic message are analyzed, and characteristic features inherent only to this type of communication are revealed. It is noted that each art has its own code: in literature - language, in music - tonal systems, in painting - color and form, in cinema and theater - acting, dialogues, frame composition. Lack of knowledge of the cultural code leads to "poetic illiteracy", which creates barriers in the perception of the form of culture. The message mediated by the channel is perceived by the audience. Interpretation depends on the motivation of the recipient: aesthetic need, relaxation, entertainment, the desire to escape from everyday life, - his personal experience and psychological state. The perception of information has a complex structure: part of the information corresponds to the expectations and knowledge of the recipient, therefore it is quite easily recognized and interpreted, the other part passes through barriers when the recipient decodes the author's message, experiences it and adds his own interpretation. In both cases, the information is distorted: in the first case - by individual cultural values and formed ideas; in the second - the influence of uncertainty in its understanding is added. In this sense, the principles and methods of sociocultural communication become important criteria for the successful attachment of the personality of the recipient of information. This determines its importance for the formation of a spiritual and moral personality, as well as the need to master the skills of the language of art for effective interaction and assimilation of universal human experience.
Artificial intelligence in dialogue with language culture: the experience of Polish grammar
The use of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning foreign languages is becoming more and more deeply rooted in the lives of academic communities and becomes an integral part of the didactic process. At the same time, in order to get a reliable answer to the question, users must be aware of the need to adhere to certain principles of communication with artificial intelligence systems. Also, an important factor affecting the performance of the dialogue with him is awareness of the main issues of the discussed topic. The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of reliability of artificial intelligence answers to complex questions of Polish grammar. In particular, we are talking about the peculiarities of the use of male-personal and non-male-personal forms in the Polish language, the distinction of which occurs in the nominative, accusative and vocative plural cases, as well as in the acquisition of male-personal/non-male-personal forms of all words related to such nouns in the sentence. The experience of communicating with the free available artificial intelligence systems Aria, ChatGPT, Gemini Flash, DeepSeek proves satisfactory operation of the material in cases that do not constitute an exception or are not determined by a linguistic custom dictated by cultural features. At the same time, the above-mentioned systems demonstrate different degrees of mastery of grammatical material. The conducted experiment allows you to establish the following sequence, which indicates the degree of awareness of the system and, accordingly, the generation of the correct answer (from lower to higher): Aria, ChatGPT, Gemini Flash, DeepSeek. Instead, in complex cases that go beyond purely grammatical competence and require knowledge of linguistic custom or cultural context, these systems provide the wrong answer, following the traditional linguistic logic. It is significant that the authors asked questions covered on the pages of Internet consultations or other sources available for systems. We can assume that all sources of information were not involved to generate a response. We conclude that the user, communicating with artificial intelligence, must at the same time be an expert in a certain question in order to assess the probability of an answer. At the same time, the traditional search for answers to complex questions of Polish grammar, such as independent use of one's own knowledge, access to directories, grammars and various Internet sources provide a more reliable answer to questions of this type
Digital technologies in teaching polish as a foreign language
he article is devoted to the analysis of the role and significance of digital technologies in teaching Polish as a foreign language. In the contemporary educational space, there is a dynamic development of information and communication tools that significantly influence glottodidactics, diversify the learning process, and transform traditional approaches to teaching. The use of digital tools contributes to the intensification of learning, ensures the individualization of the educational process, stimulates attention, and increases students’ motivation. The article discusses examples of various educational platforms (such as Moodle, e-polish.eu, Insta.Ling) that enable distance and blended learning, provide access to interactive tasks, multimedia materials, and automated knowledge assessment systems. Special attention is paid to mobile applications and blogs, which complement traditional forms of instruction, expand opportunities for independent learning of vocabulary and grammar, and support the development of intercultural communication skills. Among innovative resources, interactive quizzes and virtual collaboration environments (Kahoot, Quizlet, Padlet, Blendspace) are highlighted, as they develop both receptive and productive language skills, foster cooperation, and create situations of authentic communication. It is emphasized that digital technologies, being an integral part of the everyday life of the younger generation, naturally integrate into the learning process, promoting critical thinking and the development of digital competence. At the same time, the author draws attention to the risks associated with the excessive number of resources, the rapid obsolescence of certain platforms, and the need for careful methodological selection of materials. The necessity of a balanced combination of digital and traditional teaching methods is underlined, as it ensures the optimal balance between technological innovation and pedagogical effectiveness. Thus, digital technologies open up new perspectives for teaching and learning Polish as a foreign language, making the process more flexible, diverse, and better aligned with the needs of modern learners.
Odessa-Warsaw-Wrocław. Artistic, design, and pedagogical activity of Władysław Wincze (1905-1992)
Władysław Wincze was born in 1905 in Odessa to a family of Polish origin. It was there that he took his first steps in the fi eld of visual arts. In 1922, he moved to Poland, where he completed his studies in painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. Gradually, however, his main area of interest became applied art, especially furniture design and interior architecture. His individual design style was inspired by the models of the “Ład” Artists’ Cooperative. It was characterized by simplicity of form, functionality, and references to folk art. After 1945, Wincze initially remained associated with the “Ład” Artists’ Cooperative. In the new postwar realities, his creative work focused on designing inexpensive, multifunctional wooden furniture adapted to small apartments. In 1948, he also began working as a pedagogue at the State Higher School of Fine Arts in Wrocław. He was the founder as well as a long-time professor and dean of the Faculty of Interior Architecture. At the same time, he taught furniture design classes. He was a great authority for students and colleagues as an artist-designer and lecturer. For many years, he also made wider social circles aware of the basics of aesthetics in design in the press, writing about the importance of the beauty of the material, structure, and purposefulness for the quality of the design and the industrial product based on it. His artistic and design activity in the fields of furniture making, interior architecture, and architectural painting continued successfully until the late 1970s. It overcame both the doctrinal limitations of socialist realism and the problems with access to appropriate materials resulting from the problems typical of a socialist economy. It was an attempt to establish an equal dialogue with contemporary trends in world design. His projects were widely implemented in Wrocław, Lower Silesia, and other regions of Poland. His furniture, during the communist period, stood out for its durability and multifunctionality. Dozens of recognized Polish interior architects and designers were trained in his studio. He died in 1992.
The evolution of the digital human: the transformation of Homo Sapiens into Homo Digitalis in the socio-cultural and event context of the past
The phenomenon of the digital human in contemporary philosophy and interdisciplinary humanities discourse is relevant and appealing to numerous researchers, scholars, and social practitioners. Much has been written about the inhabitant of digital space, the digital neo-anthropos: after all, what could be more interesting to a digital human than the digital human itself? Since the characteristics and properties of modern humans have formed into the holistic phenomenon of Homo Digitalis, more than 20 years of active digital development have passed, the world has changed, and with it, not only the basic Homo Sapiens has changed, but also the digital human being, who has undergone significant changes over the past quarter of a century – social, philosophical, psychological, and even psychophysiological and anatomical. The evolutionary and transformative phenomenon of the Internet has led to the emergence of an existentially fundamental and anthropologically revolutionary dichotomy – the ambivalent but inseparable coexistence of humans in the physical and digital worlds. Homo Digitalis immerses himself in virtual space in order to satisfy all his modern needs, becoming digitally existent and no longer able to exist completely outside the internet. Researchers have called this process ‘the new positional advantage of artificiality over nature [4, 5]. But the phenomenology of the digital human is that it does not stop, but confidently strides along the trajectory of temporal and exponential development, surprising itself and barely managing to record its own transformation in all its diversity and incomprehensibility. Even the recent past, which is already a real stage in the emergence and formation of Homo Digitalis In contemporary philosophy and general humanities, it remains a vast body of information in which individual areas and highly specialised issues are examined and conceptualised, but without the necessary systematic dialectical, phenomenological, futurological, and legal approaches. The author's goal is to conduct a retrospective study of the sociocultural chronotope of previous decades, recording events and reflecting on the preconditions for the formation of the digital human. The object of the study is the socio-cultural and historical space and the extended (physical and digital) environment (offline and online), where the formation, existence, ontology and vision of the digital human unfold. The subject of the study is the digital human in the chronotope of events of their formation. The material focuses on the historical phenomenon of hyperstition as a driving force of human vision, which is the ‘new socio-political attractors’ of civilisation.
Architecture of the multi-class object detection technology stack in streaming video
In modern blockchain systems, smart contracts are one of the most critical components for ensuring the automated execution of agreements without the need for intermediaries. However, smart contracts written in languages like Solidity may contain vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors to steal funds or manipulate assets. Given the increasing number of attacks on smart contracts, the development of effective methods for detecting such vulnerabilities is crucial. Traditional approaches to detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts include symbolic execution, fuzzing, formal verification, and pattern matching. These methods have their advantages but face several challenges, such as high resource consumption, limitations in detecting new types of vulnerabilities, and difficulties in scaling to large contracts. As a result, there is a need to introduce new approaches, such as natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, which can address these challenges more effectively. In this study, an NLP-based method was explored, using Word2Vec to convert smart contract code into vector representations, allowing for better analysis of the semantic relationships between elements of the code. These vector representations are then fed into a bidirectional recurrent neural network with GRU blocks and an attention mechanism. This approach allows the model to focus on the most important parts of the code and improve the accuracy of vulnerability detection. The comparative analysis showed that NLP-based methods significantly outperform traditional approaches in all key metrics. In particular, the GRU model with an attention mechanism demonstrated high results in accuracy, recall, and F-measure, making it effective for detecting complex vulnerabilities such as reentrancy. Furthermore, the NLP-based approach is capable of adapting to new types of attacks thanks to training on large datasets. Thus, the integration of NLP and machine learning represents a promising direction for enhancing the security of smart contracts. Future research can focus on improving these approaches, particularly through the implementation of advanced models such as transformers.
Online booking service tool to expand customer base
Today, small and medium-sized businesses in the leisure sector face significant challenges caused by war, economic instability, and the loss of customers. Many of them are unable to maintain the technical side of their operations  particularly their websites due to the high costs of time and money. This, in turn, deprives them of visibility and competitiveness in the market. This work focuses on developing an online booking system aimed at supporting small and medium-sized businesses engaged in housing and leisure rentals, while also facilitating future cooperation with potential partners. The main idea is to simplify the process of presenting a rental property: the owner only needs to upload photos, add a description, and set a price through a user-friendly interface. This approach minimizes both financial and time expenditures. The monetization model is based on receiving a percentage from each booking. Such an approach benefits small and medium-sized landlords, as it does not require substantial initial investments. The system architecture includes the following main components: User interface, which enables interaction between property owners and customers; Server side, where business logic is implemented and all computations are performed; API routes, which handle data exchange, optimizing speed and synchronization. Additional functionality is provided by security modules and payment gateways, ensuring data protection and the efficiency of financial transactions. All information about customers, property owners, and reservations is stored in a database, guaranteeing reliable and fast access to data.
Software for evaluating the efficiency of combined transportation
Mass internal and external displacements of the population of Ukraine, caused by military operations, have created a high demand for transport services. The need to transport people, personal belongings, humanitarian aid and cargo for the restoration of infrastructure increases the need for effective logistics solutions. Combined transportation of passengers and parcels attracts particular attention, which allows to increase the efficiency of the use of transport resources, reduce costs and ensure the sustainability of transportation. The paper describes the development of an automated system for accounting for orders for combined transportation in order to increase the financial results of transport companies. An analysis of scientific sources and modern software for managing transport services has been carried out, systematization of key performance indicators (KPIs) and formalization of mathematical models for calculating the cost, delivery time, vehicle load and profitability have been carried out. The relevance of combined transportation in the context of humanitarian and economic challenges has been substantiated. A set of KPIs for assessing the efficiency of routes has been determined and approaches to their calculation have been developed. A review of modern transport management information systems was conducted, which showed the lack of solutions capable of integrated support for the transportation of passengers and parcels in one vehicle. Optimization of combined transportation is a promising direction for transport companies in Ukraine, which allows reducing costs and improving the quality of customer service.